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Jack's difficulty in remembering directions and reading maps points to challenges with spatial orientation. Spatial orientation involves understanding and interacting with space and the relationships between objects in that space. It is crucial for navigation and involves visual-spatial skills that help individuals determine their location and how to get from one place to another.
As people age, they may experience a decline in cognitive capabilities, including spatial orientation, which can affect their ability to perceive and analyze spatial information. This decline might manifest as difficulty reading maps or remembering how to get to a location, which directly correlates with what Jack is experiencing.
In contrast, memory recall refers to retrieving stored information, which may not specifically address issues related to spatial understanding. Logical reasoning involves the ability to analyze information and form conclusions but does not specifically pertain to navigation skills. Verbal fluency is the ability to articulate ideas and language effectively, which also does not encompass the spatial challenges Jack faces when trying to navigate using directions and maps. Thus, spatial orientation is the most fitting description of Jack's cognitive struggle.