What does the term "senescence" refer to?

The term "senescence" refers to the biological aging process that occurs in all living organisms. This concept encapsulates the gradual deterioration of function that accompanies aging. It primarily encompasses the changes that happen naturally over time and affects all organ systems, leading to a decline in physical and mental abilities.

When discussing senescence in terms of aging, it often describes primary aging, which involves the intrinsic, universal, and progressive changes that occur as individuals age. This includes cellular aging, loss of bone density, and the gradual decline of physiological functions. It's important to note that primary aging is typically unavoidable and differs from secondary aging, which includes changes that occur due to environmental factors, lifestyle, and disease.

In other words, senescence focuses on the normal aging process rather than the accelerated or premature aging influenced by external factors or specific health conditions. Thus, understanding that senescence is synonymous with primary aging helps clarify its significance within the study of developmental psychology and human growth across the lifespan.