Which example utilizes crystallized intelligence the most?

Crystallized intelligence refers to the ability to use learned knowledge and experience. It encompasses skills and knowledge acquired from education, culture, and personal experiences over time. The example of knowing the chemical symbols for various elements represents crystallized intelligence effectively because it reflects established knowledge that has been memorized and internalized through education and study.

In contrast, understanding abstract concepts is more aligned with fluid intelligence, which involves reasoning and problem-solving abilities independent of learned knowledge. Recalling historical events also engages crystallized intelligence, but it relies more on memory recall rather than the specific application of learned facts, like the use of chemical symbols. Solving complex mathematical equations typically involves fluid intelligence as it often requires problem-solving abilities that may not rely solely on previously acquired knowledge. Therefore, the focus on recalling factual information in option C makes it the best example of crystallized intelligence.